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{{Music of Dominica}} |
{{Music of Dominica}} |
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'''Jing Ping''' is a kind of folk music originated on the [[slave]] plantations of [[Dominica]], also known colloquially as an accordion band. Dominican folk music, jing ping bands accompany a [[circle dance]] called the flirtation, as well as the [[kwadril#Dominica quadrille|Dominican quadrille]]. |
'''Jing Ping''' is a kind of folk music originated on the [[slave]] plantations of [[Dominica]], also known colloquially as an accordion band. Dominican folk music, jing ping bands accompany a [[circle dance]] called the flirtation, as well as the [[kwadril#Dominica quadrille|Dominican quadrille]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=/proxy/https://books.google.com/books?id=liV8AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA394&lpg=PA394&dq=History+of+Dominica+jing+ping+music&source=bl&ots=HuoXN_ojND&sig=v8yP9EQ7AyrLTiIPDZdL547bIqA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=foSwVNWhE8isogTW7YK4BQ&ved=0CE0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20Dominica%20jing%20ping%20music&f=false|title=Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 9|work=John Shepherd|accessdate=September 10, 2005 }}</ref> |
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==Origin== |
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The Dominican quadrille generally has four figures, the ''pastouwèl'', ''lapoul'', ''lété'' and ''latrinitez''. Some regions of Dominica, such as [[Petite Savanne]], are home to local variants such as the ''caristo''. Many quadrilles are found across Dominica under a wide variety of names. In addition to the standard quadrille, the [[Les Lanciers|lancer]] is also an important Dominican dance.<ref name="Guilbault">{{cite book |chapter=Dominica |author=Guilbault, Jocelyne |title=Garland Encyclopedia of World Music |volume=Volume 2 |isbn=0-8153-1865-0 |year=1999 |publisher=Routledge |pages=840–844}}</ref> |
The Dominican quadrille generally has four figures, the ''pastouwèl'', ''lapoul'', ''lété'' and ''latrinitez''. Some regions of Dominica, such as [[Petite Savanne]], are home to local variants such as the ''caristo''. Many quadrilles are found across Dominica under a wide variety of names. In addition to the standard quadrille, the [[Les Lanciers|lancer]] is also an important Dominican dance.<ref name="Guilbault">{{cite book |chapter=Dominica |author=Guilbault, Jocelyne |title=Garland Encyclopedia of World Music |volume=Volume 2 |isbn=0-8153-1865-0 |year=1999 |publisher=Routledge |pages=840–844}}</ref> |
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Accompaniment for the quadrille is provided by a four instrument ensemble called a ''jing ping'' band. Jing ping bands are made up of a ''boumboum'' ([[boom pipe]]), ''syak'' or ''gwaj'' ([[Scraper (instrument)|scraper]]-[[Rattle (percussion instrument)|rattle]]), ''tambal'' or ''tanbou'' ([[tambourine]]) and [[accordion]]. The [[double bass]], [[violin]], [[banjo]] and [[guitar]] are also sometimes used.<ref>[http://www.divisionofculture.org/traditionalinstruments.htm Division of Culture] is the source for the term ''accordion band'' and confirms the primary instrumentation with Guilbault, pp. 840–844; Guilbault does not confirm the use of double bass or banjo.</ref> Bamboo flutes led the jing ping ensembles before the 1940s, when accordions were introduced. The Dominican flute tradition declined as a result, despite their additional use in [[serenade]]s, until being revived after the [[National Independence Competitions]].<ref>{{cite paper|author=Cardinal, José|title=La Flûte de Bambou dans Quatres Îsles des Antilles (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominique et Sainte-Lucie)|version=Master's thesis|publisher=Université de Montréal}} cited in Guilbault, pg. 842</ref> |
Accompaniment for the quadrille is provided by a four instrument ensemble called a ''jing ping'' band. Jing ping bands are made up of a ''boumboum'' ([[boom pipe]]), ''syak'' or ''gwaj'' ([[Scraper (instrument)|scraper]]-[[Rattle (percussion instrument)|rattle]]), ''tambal'' or ''tanbou'' ([[tambourine]]) and [[accordion]]. The [[double bass]], [[violin]], [[banjo]] and [[guitar]] are also sometimes used.<ref>[http://www.divisionofculture.org/traditionalinstruments.htm Division of Culture] is the source for the term ''accordion band'' and confirms the primary instrumentation with Guilbault, pp. 840–844; Guilbault does not confirm the use of double bass or banjo.</ref> Bamboo flutes led the jing ping ensembles before the 1940s, when accordions were introduced. The Dominican flute tradition declined as a result, despite their additional use in [[serenade]]s, until being revived after the [[National Independence Competitions]].<ref>{{cite paper|author=Cardinal, José|title=La Flûte de Bambou dans Quatres Îsles des Antilles (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominique et Sainte-Lucie)|version=Master's thesis|publisher=Université de Montréal}} cited in Guilbault, pg. 842</ref> |
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==Instruments== |
==The Instruments of the Accordion Band (Jing Ping)== |
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The accordion band is the most popular ensemble of folk instruments on the island of Dominica. In recent times, it has been fondly referred to as the Jing Ping band - the name being an onomatopoeia resembling the finely textured sound that is produced by this delightful ensemble:<ref>{{Cite web |
The accordion band is the most popular ensemble of [[folk music|folk]] instruments on the island of Dominica. In recent times, it has been fondly referred to as the Jing Ping band - the name being an onomatopoeia resembling the finely textured sound that is produced by this delightful ensemble:<ref>{{Cite web |
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|url=/proxy/http://divisionofculture.gov.dm/index.php/performing-and-visual-arts/music/32-some-instruments-used-in-traditional-music|title=Jing Ping instruments|publisher=Division of culture|accessdate=September 10, 2005 |
|url=/proxy/http://divisionofculture.gov.dm/index.php/performing-and-visual-arts/music/32-some-instruments-used-in-traditional-music|title=Jing Ping instruments|publisher=Division of culture|accessdate=September 10, 2005 |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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* Primary Rhythmic Instrument (Tanbal) – It is the most important since the Tanbal player keeps the meter consistent for the other players to key directly from it. The Tanbal is a shallow drum with tightly stretched goatskin, held down by two or three wooden rings. |
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• Bass Instrument (The Boom-Boom) – A hollowed wooden bwa kan or piece of bamboo. There is no mouthpiece but the playing end has a slant cut to enhance the sound. |
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* Bass Instrument (The Boom-Boom) – A hollowed wooden bwa kan or piece of [[bamboo]]. There is no mouthpiece but the playing end has a slant cut to enhance the sound. |
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* Percussion (Gwaj or Siyak) – Has two parts; a cylinder measuring 3.5 inches in diameter and 10.5 inches length with holes like a grate in it. The cylinder also has gwen toloman (Canna Edules) or Jombi beads (Arbas precatorius). The other part is three 6-inch long wires of metal. It is played by shaking the cylinder and scrapping the metal stick against it. |
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* Melodic Instrument ([[Accordion]], [[Banjo]], [[flute]]s or [[Violin]]) – The accordion is mostly used. The accordionist keeps the tunes and may improvise from time to time. He/she key according to the rhythm of the Tanbal player. |
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One can deem Dominica as the only Caribbean island with such rich cultural heritage due to its prolonged mixture and practice of African, European and British culture. |
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==Jing ping in Contemporary music== |
==Jing ping in Contemporary music== |
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===Cadence-lypso=== |
===Cadence-lypso=== |
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{{main|cadence-lypso}} |
{{main|cadence-lypso}} |
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Cadence-lypso was created out of the Trinidadian [[calypso music|calypso]] and Haitian [[cadence rampa]], in connection with the Dominican traditional music call jing ping. If we study closely the rhythms and instruments of jing ping music, we can discern some roots of cadence-lypso. |
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Cadence-lypso came from calypso from Trinidad and cadence rampa from Haiti, with influences from [[jing ping]], the Dominican traditional music.<ref>{{Cite book |url=/proxy/http://books.google.com/books?id=d0lrjteCl2IC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Zouk#v=onepage&q&f=true |title=Zouk: world music in the West Indies-page 92|author=Jocelyne Guilbault|accessdate=August 10, 2010 }}</ref> |
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The rhythm of the ''syak'', also called ''gwaj'' - a percussive instrument made from a tin can, punched with numerous holes in which seeds are placed has been used in cadence music via the [[hi-hat]] and cymbals. The steady beat of the ''tanbal'' (drum) and the foot stomping in jing ping music are reflected in cadence by the drums, particularly the [[bass drum]]. The [[accordion]] found, so prominent in jing ping music, is reproduced, particularly in terms of the [[timbre]], by the organ and later the [[synthesizers]]. The bamboo instrument called ''boom'' ''boom'' has been replaced by the [[bass guitar]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=/proxy/http://books.google.com/books?id=d0lrjteCl2IC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Zouk#v=onepage&q&f=true |title=Zouk: world music in the West Indies - page 92|author=Jocelyne Guilbault|accessdate=August 10, 2010 }}</ref> |
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===bouyon=== |
===bouyon=== |
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Revision as of 07:31, 10 January 2015
| Jing ping | |
|---|---|
| Cultural origins | Dominica, West Indies |
| Typical instruments | Traditional: Boumboum (boom pipe), syak or gwaj (scraper-rattle), tambal or tanbou (tambourine) and accordion. Contemporary: Drum set, modern Synthesizer, and Electric bass. |
| Fusion genres | |
| Cadence-lypso - Bouyon | |
| Other topics | |
| Music of Dominica | |
| Music of Dominica | ||
| General topics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Related articles | ||
| Genres | ||
| Media and performance | ||
|
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| Nationalistic and patriotic songs | ||
|
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| Regional music | ||
|
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Jing Ping is a kind of folk music originated on the slave plantations of Dominica, also known colloquially as an accordion band. Dominican folk music, jing ping bands accompany a circle dance called the flirtation, as well as the Dominican quadrille.[1]
The Dominican quadrille generally has four figures, the pastouw�l, lapoul, l�t� and latrinitez. Some regions of Dominica, such as Petite Savanne, are home to local variants such as the caristo. Many quadrilles are found across Dominica under a wide variety of names. In addition to the standard quadrille, the lancer is also an important Dominican dance.[2]
Accompaniment for the quadrille is provided by a four instrument ensemble called a jing ping band. Jing ping bands are made up of a boumboum (boom pipe), syak or gwaj (scraper-rattle), tambal or tanbou (tambourine) and accordion. The double bass, violin, banjo and guitar are also sometimes used.[3] Bamboo flutes led the jing ping ensembles before the 1940s, when accordions were introduced. The Dominican flute tradition declined as a result, despite their additional use in serenades, until being revived after the National Independence Competitions.[4]
The Instruments of the Accordion Band (Jing Ping)
The accordion band is the most popular ensemble of folk instruments on the island of Dominica. In recent times, it has been fondly referred to as the Jing Ping band - the name being an onomatopoeia resembling the finely textured sound that is produced by this delightful ensemble:[5]
- Primary Rhythmic Instrument (Tanbal) – It is the most important since the Tanbal player keeps the meter consistent for the other players to key directly from it. The Tanbal is a shallow drum with tightly stretched goatskin, held down by two or three wooden rings.
- Bass Instrument (The Boom-Boom) – A hollowed wooden bwa kan or piece of bamboo. There is no mouthpiece but the playing end has a slant cut to enhance the sound.
- Percussion (Gwaj or Siyak) – Has two parts; a cylinder measuring 3.5 inches in diameter and 10.5 inches length with holes like a grate in it. The cylinder also has gwen toloman (Canna Edules) or Jombi beads (Arbas precatorius). The other part is three 6-inch long wires of metal. It is played by shaking the cylinder and scrapping the metal stick against it.
- Melodic Instrument (Accordion, Banjo, flutes or Violin) – The accordion is mostly used. The accordionist keeps the tunes and may improvise from time to time. He/she key according to the rhythm of the Tanbal player.
One can deem Dominica as the only Caribbean island with such rich cultural heritage due to its prolonged mixture and practice of African, European and British culture.
Jing ping in Contemporary music
Cadence-lypso
Cadence-lypso was created out of the Trinidadian calypso and Haitian cadence rampa, in connection with the Dominican traditional music call jing ping. If we study closely the rhythms and instruments of jing ping music, we can discern some roots of cadence-lypso.
The rhythm of the syak, also called gwaj - a percussive instrument made from a tin can, punched with numerous holes in which seeds are placed has been used in cadence music via the hi-hat and cymbals. The steady beat of the tanbal (drum) and the foot stomping in jing ping music are reflected in cadence by the drums, particularly the bass drum. The accordion found, so prominent in jing ping music, is reproduced, particularly in terms of the timbre, by the organ and later the synthesizers. The bamboo instrument called boom boom has been replaced by the bass guitar.[6]
bouyon
Bouyon legends Windward Caribbean Kulture (WCK) has played an important role in the development of Jing ping, giving credibility to a style that was seen as backward and unsophisticated. They began experimenting a fusion of Cadence-lypso and Jing ping.[7][8]
Contemporary Jing ping
Contemporary Jing ping is a modernized version of Jing ping, which utilizes modern instruments such as Drum set, modern Synthesizer, and Electric bass. It reflect a continuing trend to explore the jing ping sound and reproducing it using modern musical instruments and technology.[1]
See also
References
- ^ "Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 9". John Shepherd. Retrieved September 10, 2005.
- ^ Guilbault, Jocelyne (1999). "Dominica". Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Vol. Volume 2. Routledge. pp. 840–844. ISBN 0-8153-1865-0.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Division of Culture is the source for the term accordion band and confirms the primary instrumentation with Guilbault, pp. 840–844; Guilbault does not confirm the use of double bass or banjo.
- ^ Cardinal, José. "La Flûte de Bambou dans Quatres Îsles des Antilles (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominique et Sainte-Lucie)". Master's thesis. Université de Montréal.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) cited in Guilbault, pg. 842 - ^ "Jing Ping instruments". Division of culture. Retrieved September 10, 2005.
- ^ Jocelyne Guilbault. Zouk: world music in the West Indies - page 92. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- ^ Sullivan, Lynne M. (2004) Adventure Guide to Dominica and St. Lucia, p. 49. Hunter Publishing, ISBN 978-1-58843-393-0
- ^ Crask, Paul (2008). Dominica. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 15. ISBN 9781841622170.
- "Bouyon Music". Music in Dominica. Retrieved December 3, 2005.
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