Eyjafjallajökull

Català: Eyjafjallajökull és la cinquena glacera més gran d'Islàndia. Es troba al nord de la regió d'Skógar i a l'oest d'una glacera de major mida Mýrdalsjökull. La capa de glaç de la glacera cobreix el volcà (del mateix nom que la glacera).

Deutsch: Eyjafjallajökull ist ein subglazialer Vulkan im Süden von Island. Seine letzten Ausbrüche fanden im Jahr 2010 statt.

English: Eyjafjallajökull is a subglacial volcano in the south of Iceland. The latest eruptions were in 2010.

Français : Eyjafjallajökull est un volcan sous-glaciaire dans le sud de l' Islande. Ses dernières éruptions furent en 2010.

Македонски: Ејафјадлајекидл

Русский: Эйяфьядлайёкюдль — подледникового вулкан на юге Исландии.

Pronounciation

• Pronunciation

Maps and satellite pictures

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  One of the southernmost volcanoes of Iceland
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  Ash plume
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  Earthquakes indicating the second eruption series under Eyjafjallaj�kull in 2010 (source:IMO)
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  Eyjafjallaj�kull is part of the EVZ (East Volcanic Zone)

Approaching Eyjafjallaj�kull

Aerial views

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  To the right of M�rdalsj�kull/Katla
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  The aircraft here is over M�rdalsj�kull, Eyjafjallaj�kull in front and behind it to the right, the volcanic archipelagos of the Westman Islands (Vestmannaeyjar)
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  ��rsm�rk with the glacial river Kross� in the foreground

From the archipelagos of Vestmannaeyjar

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  With a Danish inspection vessel in the foreground

From M�rdalsj�kull

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Views of the glacier and dormant volcano

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Volcanic eruptions in 2010

Fimmv�r�uh�ls eruptions in March - April 2010

The first series of eruptions started in March 2010 and went on for about 3 weeks. The effusive eruptions on the mountain pass Fimmv�r�uh�ls originated in volcanic fissures which are part of the Eyjafjallaj�kull volcanic system.

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  2010-04-01: aerial view of the vents (NASA)
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  2010-03-25: The first pyroclastic cone and the steam cloud from the lava flow in Hrunagil. Seen from Fauskhei�i.
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  2010-03-25: eruptions begin in the Fimmv�r�uh�ls pass area
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  2010-03-27: Fimmv�r�uh�ls in the twilight
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  2010-03-29: The first fissure that opened on Fimmv�r�uh�ls, as seen from Austurg�gar.
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  2010-04-02: steaming second fissure on Fimmv�r�uh�ls
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  2010-04-03: on Fimmv�r�uh�ls
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  2010-04-03: on Fimmv�r�uh�ls
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  Aerial views of the Fimmv�r�uh�ls eruptions
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Eyjafjallaj�kull subglacial eruptions in April - June 2010

The second series of eruptions started subglacially under Eyjafjallaj�kull himself the 14th of April 2010 and went on til the end of June. They were explosive, producing very fine grained tephra of a trachyandesite type which caused important disruptions of European airtravel during the next weeks and months.

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  Cross cutting through the neighbouring Eyjafj�ll and Katla volcanic systems with indication of the eruption locations
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  Scheme of a subglacial eruption. 1. Water vapor cloud, 2. Lake, 3. Ice, 4. Layers of lava and ash, 5. Stratum, 6. Pillow lava, 7. Magma conduit, 8. Magma chamber, 9. Dike

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  2010-04-17: The ash plume from the second eruption in Eyjafjallaj�kull seen from Flj�tshl�� 1
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  2010-04-17: ash plume from the erupting Eyjafjallaj�kull 2
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  2010-04-17: ash plume from the erupting Eyjafjallaj�kull 3
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  2010-04-20: The second eruption in Eyjafjallaj�kull seen from Flj�tshl�� at night.
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  2010-04-15: The craters at beginning of second eruption series
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  2010-05-01: ash plume from the erupting Eyjafjallaj�kull seen from the Falcon scientific airplane

Air travel disruptions in Europe

Satellite images of ash distribution

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  Ash plume on April 17, 2010
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  April 17, 2010
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  Ash plume over the North Atlantic, April 15, 2010
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  May 10, 2010
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  Volcanic ash over Europe on April 16, 2010

Situation at some airports

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  At Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris
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  At Leed Bradford Airport

Developments re. airtravel between 17th and 20th April 2010

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  April 18, 2010
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  April 19, 2010
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  April 20, 2010

Before and after

G�gj�kull

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  Eyjafjallaj�kull's outlet glacier G�gj�kull in 2003 with the glacial lake in front
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  Outlet glacier in 2004
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  Outlet glacier and lake in 2007 (before the eruptions)
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  G�gj�kull during the eruptions in May 2010
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  The same outlet glacier in 2011 after the eruptions
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  Also in 2011: The lake has not only disappeared, but has been replaced by a hill of volcanic ash and debris...
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  ... placed there during j�kulhlaup and eruption of lava flows, which trickled beneath the glacier down to the valley

�orvaldseyri

From the nearby farmstead of �orvaldseyri, changes in Eyjafjallaj�kull can be seen very clearly.

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  In the year 2008
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  During the second series of eruptions in 2010

Landscape recovery after the eruptions

Farmsteads in the vicinity

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  South coast of Iceland in 2012: Green again
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  Eyjafajallaj�kull in 2012: White again

Þórsmörk

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  Þórsmörk in 2010 and 2011
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  Seen from Þórsmörk in 2013