過ぎる

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Etymology

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From Old Japanese 過ぐ (sugu). First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Likely cognate with 挿げる (sugeru, to pass a hole through something), 直ぐ (sugu, straight through, adverb).

Reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *sunk-oi-.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「過ぎる
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
過ぎる [sùgíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 過ぎろ [sùgíꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 過ぎられる ぎられ [sùgíráréꜜrù]
Causative 過ぎさせる ぎさせ [sùgísáséꜜrù]
Potential 過ぎられる ぎられ [sùgíráréꜜrù]
Volitional 過ぎよう ぎよ [sùgíyóꜜò]
Negative 過ぎない ない [sùgíꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 過ぎなかった なかった [sùgíꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 過ぎます ぎま [sùgímáꜜsù]
Perfective 過ぎた ぎた [súꜜgìtà]
Conjunctive 過ぎて ぎて [súꜜgìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 過ぎれば れば [sùgíꜜrèbà]

Verb

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()ぎる (sugiruintransitive ichidan (stem () (sugi), past ()ぎた (sugita))

Japanese verb pair
active 過ごす
mediopassive 過ぎる
  1. to pass by, to pass through; to go beyond
    あの()もおもちゃで(あそ)(とし)()ぎるころだ。
    Ano ko mo omocha de asobu toshi wa sugiru koro da.
    He will soon be past playing with toys.
  2. to elapse; to exceed
    あれから半年(はんとし)()ぎた
    Are kara hantoshi ga sugita.
    Half a year had passed since it had happened.
  3. to be excessive
    解釈違(かいしゃくちが)いが()ぎる
    kaishaku chigai ga sugiru
    the difference in interpretation is too much
  4. (auxiliary, used with verbs and adjectives) too, too much
    その(くつ)(たか)すぎる
    Sono kutsu wa takasugiru.
    These shoes are too expensive.
    (おお)すぎるからトランクに(はい)らないぞ。
    Ōkisugiru kara toranku ni hairanai zo.
    Dude, it isn't going to fit into the trunk because it's too big.
    あまり(さけ)()()ぎるのは、危険(きけん)だ。
    Amari sake o nomisugiru no wa, kiken da.
    It is dangerous to drink too much.
  5. (informal, used with nouns) Used for emphasis.
    (だれ)すぎる
    dare-sugiru
    literally who

Usage notes

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  • When used as an auxiliary, it is usually written in kana: すぎる (sugiru).
  • Can also be attached to adjectives in some situations

Conjugation

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References

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  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN