"මොසැම්බික් හි දේශපාලනය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්
07:41, 25 පෙබරවාරි 2024 තෙක් සංශෝධනය
The Constitution of Mozambique stipulates that the President of the Republic functions as the head of state, head of government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and as a symbol of national unity.[1] He is directly elected for a five-year term via run-off voting; if no candidate receives more than half of the votes cast in the first round of voting, a second round of voting will be held in which only the two candidates who received the highest number of votes in the first round will participate, and whichever of the candidates obtains a majority of votes in the second round will thus be elected president. The prime minister is appointed by the president. His functions include convening and chairing the council of ministers (cabinet), advising the president, assisting the president in governing the country, and coordinating the functions of the other ministers.
The Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da República) has 250 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. The judiciary comprises a Supreme Court and provincial, district, and municipal courts.
Mozambique operates a small, functioning military that handles all aspects of domestic national defence, the Mozambique Defence Armed Forces.
Foreign relations
While allegiances dating back to the liberation struggle remain relevant, Mozambique's foreign policy has become increasingly pragmatic. The twin pillars of Mozambique's foreign policy are maintenance of good relations with its neighbours[2] and maintenance and expansion of ties to development partners.[3]
During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Mozambique's foreign policy was inextricably linked to the struggles for majority rule in Rhodesia and South Africa as well as superpower competition and the Cold War.[4] Mozambique's decision to enforce UN sanctions against Rhodesia and deny that country access to the sea led Ian Smith's government to undertake overt and covert actions to oppose the country. Although the change of government in Zimbabwe in 1980 removed this threat, the government of South Africa continued to destabilise Mozambique.[3] Mozambique also belonged to the Frontline States.[5] The 1984 Nkomati Accord, while failing in its goal of ending South African support to RENAMO, opened initial diplomatic contacts between the Mozambican and South African governments. This process gained momentum with South Africa's elimination of apartheid, which culminated in the establishment of full diplomatic relations in October 1993. While relations with neighbouring Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania show occasional strains, Mozambique's ties to these countries remain strong.[3]
In the years immediately following its independence, Mozambique benefited from considerable assistance from some Western countries, notably the Scandinavians. The Soviet Union and its allies became Mozambique's primary economic, military and political supporters, and its foreign policy reflected this linkage. This began to change in 1983; in 1984 Mozambique joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Western aid by the Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland quickly replaced Soviet support.[3] Finland[6] and the Netherlands are becoming increasingly important sources of development assistance. Italy also maintains a profile in Mozambique as a result of its key role during the peace process. Relations with Portugal, the former colonial power, continue to be important because Portuguese investors play a visible role in Mozambique's economy.[3]
Mozambique is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and ranks among the moderate members of the African bloc in the United Nations and other international organisations. Mozambique also belongs to the African Union and the Southern African Development Community. In 1994, the government became a full member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, in part to broaden its base of international support but also to please the country's sizeable Muslim population. Similarly, in 1995 Mozambique joined its Anglophone neighbours in the Commonwealth of Nations. At the time it was the only nation to have joined the Commonwealth that was never part of the British Empire. In the same year, Mozambique became a founding member and the first President of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and maintains close ties with other Portuguese-speaking countries.[3]
Human rights
Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 2015.[7] However, discrimination against LGBT people in Mozambique is widespread.[8]
යොමු කිරීම්
- ^ "Article 119" (PDF). Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique.
- ^ Schenoni, Luis (2017) "Subsystemic Unipolarities?"in Strategic Analysis, 41(1): 74–86 [1] සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 30 ජූලි 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e f
මෙම ලිපිය තුළ, පොදු වසම තුළ පවතින මෙම ප්‍රභවයේ පෙළ ඇතුළත්වෙයි: "Mozambique (07/02)". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets/Background Notes. U.S. Department of State. 2 July 2018 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 1 July 2018.
- ^ Mozambique සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 4 ජූනි 2019 at the Wayback Machine. State.gov (13 June 2012). Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ^ sahoboss (30 March 2011). "Frontline States". South African History Online. 4 January 2019 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 11 March 2019.
- ^ President Halonen: Development aid should be transparent and efficient. Office of the President of the Republic of Finland. tpk.fi
- ^ "Mozambique decriminalises gay and lesbian relationships". BBC News. 1 July 2015. 17 August 2019 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 17 August 2019.
- ^ "Mozambique's enduring discrimination leaves gay men untreated for HIV". The Guardian. 29 March 2016. 17 August 2019 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 17 August 2019.