Ispaniyaning maʼmuriy boʻlinishi: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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Ispaniya hukumati — 3 ta maʼmuriy boʻlinmaga yoki darajaga boʻlingan boʻlib, bular quyidagilar hisoblanadi: davlatning oʻzi, mintaqalar(provinsiyalar) va avtonom hududiy birliklar, mahalliy tuzilmalar yaʼni munitsipalitet (shuningdek, munitsipalitetlar guruhi^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]).

Ushbu uch boʻlinma oʻzaro iyerarxik yaʼni biri ikkinchisiga boʻysinuvchi shaklda emas balki teng huquqiy darajaga ega holda tashkil etilgan va ular oʻzlarining yuridik vakolatlari bilan alohida oʻrinlarga ega(ispancha: competencias)^[6]^[7].

Ikkinchi maʼmuriy boʻlinma yaʼni mintaqalar va avtonom hududiy birliklar (NUTS va OECD maʼlumotlari asosida; FIPS, CIA World Factbook va ISO 3166-2 maʼlumotlariga koʻra esa birinchi maʼmuriy boʻlinma deb keltirilgan) umumiy 17ta [[Ispaniya avtonomiyalari |avtonom]] birlik va 2 ta avtonom shahar (Melilya va Seuta)dan iborat.

Uchinchi boʻlinma, mahalliy boshqaruv tuzilmalari Ispaniyaning uchta funksiyalariga koʻra turli boʻlgan boʻlinmalarini oʻz ichiga olib, ular siyosiy (kengash), saylov (okrug), yoki maʼmuriy (davlatning markazlashtirilmagan xizmatlarini amalga oshiruvchi) va quyida tavsiflangan boshqa funksiyalarga ega. Shunga koʻra Ispaniya hududiy jihatdan quyidagicha boʻlinishga ega:

oʻzining siyosiy, maʼmuriy huquqlariga va saylov okrugiga ega boʻlgan 8131 ta munitsipalitet va 3683 ta submunitsipalitet.
465 ta komarka, ulardan 83 tasi maʼmuriy-siyosiy funksiyaga ega.
50ta provinsiya, 9tasi maʼmuriy-siyosiy funksiyalarga ega emas ammo barcha provinsiyalar Parlamentning ikkala palatasi uchun ham saylov okrugiga ega.

Amalda eng katta hokimiyat boshqaruvi imkoniyatlari munitsipalitetlarga tegishli; Provinsiya kengashlari esa kichik munitsipalitetlarni qoʻllab-quvvatlash bilangina cheklanadi^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]. Shunga qaramay NUTS va OECD maʼlumotlarida 50ta provinsiya (9 tasida maʼmuriy funksiya yoʻqligini hisobga olgan holda), 7ta orol va 2ta avtonom shahar Ispaniyaning uchinchi maʼmuriy-siyosiy boʻlinmasi sifatida qayd etilgan. Komarkalar esa ushbu roʻyxatning hech biriga kiritilmagan.

Qonun bo‘yicha munitsipalitetlar provinsiya chegaralarini kesib o‘tmaslikni talab qilsa-da, komarkalarda bunday cheklov yo‘q, shuning uchun viloyatlarni komarkalarga mukammal bo‘linishi mavjud emas; ular turli munitsipalitetlardan tashkil topgan bo‘lingan bo‘linmalardir. Masalan, Tierra de Pinares komarkasi ikki viloyatga, Cerdanya komarkasi esa Fransiya va Ispaniyaga bo‘lingan.

Provinsiyalar ham, kommunatlar ham munitsipalitetlar guruhidir. Mintaqaviy qonunchilik bilan belgilangan ma’muriy funktsiyalarga ega bo‘lgan munitsipalitetlarning boshqa guruhlari mavjud, jumladan mancomunidades, metropolitan areas, juntas va boshqalar, ammo ular umuman Ispaniyaning hududiy yoki ma’muriy bo‘linmasi emas.

Provinsiyalarga taalluqli Ispaniyaning yana bir hududiy bo‘linishi mavjud bo‘lib, ular viloyat kengashlarini saylash uchun saylov okruglari bo‘lgan 431 sud okrugiga bo‘lingan.

Har bir darajaning nisbiy hajmi bo‘yicha 2002-yilda markaziy hukumat davlat xarajatlarining 48,7 foizini, viloyat hokimiyati 35,5 foizini va mahalliy hokimiyat 15,8 foizini tashkil etdi^[13].

Markazlashtirishni cheklash modeli

Muzokaralar olib borilayotganda hal etilmagan bahs-munozaralar va siyosiy keskinliklar tufayli hududiy model Konstitutsiyaning eng noaniq va ataylab noaniq sohasi ekanligi taklif qilingan^[14]^[15].

Manbalar

↑ MPA 2022, paragraph 1,4.
↑ Moreno 2016, s. 183.
↑ Synopsis of Article 137 of the Constitution, paragraph 7.
↑ Albet i Mas 2019, s. 20.
↑ Division of Powers, paragraph 7.
↑ Moreno 2016, s. 184.
↑ MPA, paragraph 1.
↑ Canel 1994, s. 51.
↑ Sánchez Morón 2017, paragraph 16.
↑ Cools & Verbeek 2013, Explanatory Memorandum paragraph 212 on page 37.
↑ MPA 2022, s. 3.
↑ Division of Powers, paragraph 10.
↑ Moreno 2007, s. 87.
↑ Cas.anova & Gil Andrés 2014, s. 314,315.
↑ Rosselló Villalonga 2001, s. 8.

Adabiyotlar

Arbós i Marín, Xavier „The Federal Option and Constitutional Management of Diversity in Spain“, . The Ways of Federalism in Western Countries and the Horizons of Territorial Autonomy in Spain (volume 2) (English). Springer, November 2013 — 375–399-bet. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-27717-7_27. ISBN 978-3-642-27716-0.
Albet i Mas, Abel (2019). "The municipal map in Spain: structure, evolution and problems" (es). Geopolitica(s). Revista de estudios sobre espacio y poder 10 (1): 11–40. doi:10.5209/GEOP.63834.
Agranoff, Robert (2005). "Federal Asymmetry and Intergovernmental Relations in Spain" (English). Asymmetry Series Working Papers (Institute of Intergovernmental Relations) (17). https://www.queensu.ca/iigr/sites/iirwww/files/uploaded_files/Agranoff2006.pdf. Qaraldi: 27 June 2023. Ispaniyaning maʼmuriy boʻlinishi]]
Canel, Maria Jose (1994). "Local government in the Spanish autonomic state". Local Government Studies (London: Frank Cass) 20 (1): 44–59. doi:10.1080/03003939408433710.
Casanova, Julián; Gil Andrés, Carlos. Twentieth-century Spain. A History. (en). Cambridge University Press, 2014. ISBN 978-1-107-60267-0. OCLC 870438787.
Colino, César „Decentralization in Spain: federal evolution and performance of the estado autonómico“, . The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics. Oxford University Press, 2020 — 62–81-bet. ISBN 978-0-19-882693-4.
Colomer, Josep M. (1998). "The Spanish 'state of autonomies': Non-institutional federalism" (English). West European Politics 21 (4): 40–52. doi:10.1080/01402389808425270.
Cools, Marc; Verbeek, Leen. Local and regional democracy in Spain (English). Council of Europe, 19–21 March 2013.
Heywood, Paul (August 2000) (English). Regional Government in France and Spain (Report). Josep Rowntree Foundation. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/sites/constitution_unit/files/64.pdf.
Keating, Michael (2007). "Federalism and the Balance of Power in European States". Support for Improvement in Governance and Management (OECD). http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/8/37890628.pdf.
Linde Paniagua, Enrique (2018). "Las Diputaciones Provinciales y su Futuro Incierto" (Spanish). Teoría y Realidad Constitucional 41 (41): 113–135. doi:10.5944/trc.41.2018.22119. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6438501.pdf. Qaraldi: 22 June 2019. Ispaniyaning maʼmuriy boʻlinishi]]
Moreno, Luis „Federalisation in Multinational Spain“, . Multinational Federations, 1st, Routledge, 2007 — 86–107-bet. DOI:10.4324/9780203964514. ISBN 978-0-415-41490-6. OCLC 1257713892.
Moreno, Angel M.. Regionalisation Trends in European Countries 2007-2015: Spain (en). Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of The Council of Europe, June 2016 — 183–191-bet.
Rosselló Villalonga, Joan (2001). "Non–institutional federalism in Spain" (English). Papeles de Trabajo [Working papers] (Instituto de Estudios Fiscales [Institute of Fiscal Studies]). https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/papeles_trabajo/2001_04.pdf.
Sánchez Morón, Miguel (January 2017). "¿Deben suprimirse las diputaciones provinciales?" (Spanish). El Cronista del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho (Iustel) 65. ISSN 1889-0016. http://laadministracionaldia.inap.es/noticia.asp?id=1507162. Qaraldi: 20 June 2019. Ispaniyaning maʼmuriy boʻlinishi]]
Zafra Víctor, Manuel (2004). "Reflexiones sobre el gobierno local" (Spanish) (pdf). Anuario del Gobierno Local (Barcelona: Institut de Dret Públic) (1). ISBN 84-609-5895-7. ISSN 2013-4924. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20160809071942/http://repositorio.gobiernolocal.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10873/519/097-114%20Zafra.pdf. Qaraldi: 9 June 2022.
„Eurostat regional yearbook 2022“. European Commission.
„Spain - Summary“ (English). Division of Powers. European Committee of the Regions. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 26-iyun.
„The Spanish Constitution“ (English). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado [National Agency of the Official State Gazette] (1978). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 10-iyun.
„Local Government in Spain“ (English). Ministry of Public Administration. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 11-iyun.
„Local Government Act (Organic Law 7/1985)“ (Spanish) 8945–8964. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado [National Agency of the Official State Gazette] (1985). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 12-iyun.
„Synopsis of Article 137 of the Spanish Constitucion“ (Spanish). Congreso de los Diputados [Congress of Deputies] (2011). Qaraldi: 2023-yil 11-iyun.

[FOOTNOTEMPA2022paragraph_1,4-1] MPA 2022, paragraph 1,4.

[FOOTNOTEMoreno2016183-2] Moreno 2016, s. 183.

[FOOTNOTESynopsis_of_Article_137_of_the_Constitutionparagraph_7-3] Synopsis of Article 137 of the Constitution, paragraph 7.

[FOOTNOTEAlbet_i_Mas201920-4] Albet i Mas 2019, s. 20.

[FOOTNOTEDivision_of_Powersparagraph_7-5] Division of Powers, paragraph 7.

[FOOTNOTEMoreno2016184-6] Moreno 2016, s. 184.

[FOOTNOTEMPAparagraph_1-7] MPA, paragraph 1.

[FOOTNOTECanel199451-8] Canel 1994, s. 51.

[FOOTNOTESánchez_Morón2017paragraph_16-9] Sánchez Morón 2017, paragraph 16.

[FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013Explanatory_Memorandum_paragraph_212_on_page_37-10] Cools & Verbeek 2013, Explanatory Memorandum paragraph 212 on page 37.

[FOOTNOTEMPA20223-11] MPA 2022, s. 3.

[FOOTNOTEDivision_of_Powersparagraph_10-12] Division of Powers, paragraph 10.

[FOOTNOTEMoreno200787-13] Moreno 2007, s. 87.

[FOOTNOTECas.anovaGil_Andrés2014314,315-14] Cas.anova & Gil Andrés 2014, s. 314,315.

[FOOTNOTERosselló_Villalonga20018-15] Rosselló Villalonga 2001, s. 8.

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@@ Qator 1: / Qator 1: @@
-'''Ispaniya hukumati''' — 3 ta maʼmuriy boʻlinmaga yoki darajaga boʻlingan boʻlib, bular quyidagilar hisoblanadi: davlatning oʻzi, mintaqalar(provinsiyalar) va [[Ispaniya avtonomiyalari|avtonom hududiy birliklar]], mahalliy tuzilmalar yaʼni [[:en:Municipalities of Spain|munitsipalitet]] (shuningdek, munitsipalitetlar guruhi).
+'''Ispaniya hukumati''' — 3 ta maʼmuriy boʻlinmaga yoki darajaga boʻlingan boʻlib, bular quyidagilar hisoblanadi: davlatning oʻzi, mintaqalar(provinsiyalar) va [[Ispaniya avtonomiyalari|avtonom hududiy birliklar]], mahalliy tuzilmalar yaʼni [[:en:Municipalities of Spain|munitsipalitet]] (shuningdek, munitsipalitetlar guruhi{{sfn| MPA | 2022 | loc=paragraph 1,4}}{{sfn | Moreno | 2016| |page=183}}{{sfn | Synopsis of Article 137 of the Constitution|| loc=paragraph 7}}{{sfn|Albet i Mas|2019|p=20}}{{sfn|Division of Powers|loc=paragraph 7}}).
-Ushbu uch boʻlinma oʻzaro iyerarxik yaʼni biri ikkinchisiga boʻysinuvchi shaklda emas balki teng huquqiy darajaga ega holda tashkil etilgan va ular oʻzlarining yuridik vakolatlari bilan alohida oʻrinlarga ega.
+Ushbu uch boʻlinma oʻzaro iyerarxik yaʼni biri ikkinchisiga boʻysinuvchi shaklda emas balki teng huquqiy darajaga ega holda tashkil etilgan va ular oʻzlarining yuridik vakolatlari bilan alohida oʻrinlarga ega({{lang-es|competencias}}){{sfn|Moreno|2016|p=184}}{{sfn|MPA|loc=paragraph 1}}.
 Ikkinchi maʼmuriy boʻlinma yaʼni mintaqalar va [[Avtonomiya|avtonom]] hududiy birliklar ([[:en:NUTS statistical regions of Spain|NUTS]] va [[:en:List of OECD regions by GDP (PPP) per capita|OECD]] maʼlumotlari asosida; [[:en:List of FIPS region codes (S-U)#SP: Spain|FIPS]], [[:en:CIA World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] va [[:en:ISO 3166-2:ES|ISO]] 3166-2 maʼlumotlariga koʻra esa birinchi maʼmuriy boʻlinma deb keltirilgan) umumiy 17ta [[Ispaniya avtonomiyalari
@@ Qator 11: / Qator 11: @@
 * 465 ta [[:en:Comarcas of Spain|komarka]], ulardan 83 tasi maʼmuriy-siyosiy funksiyaga ega.
 * 50ta [[Ispaniya provinsiyalari|provinsiya]], 9tasi maʼmuriy-siyosiy funksiyalarga ega emas ammo barcha provinsiyalar Parlamentning ikkala palatasi uchun ham saylov okrugiga ega.
-Amalda eng katta hokimiyat boshqaruvi imkoniyatlari munitsipalitetlarga tegishli; Provinsiya kengashlari esa kichik munitsipalitetlarni qoʻllab-quvvatlash bilangina cheklanadi. Shunga qaramay NUTS va OECD maʼlumotlarida 50ta provinsiya (9 tasida maʼmuriy funksiya yoʻqligini hisobga olgan holda), 7ta orol va 2ta avtonom shahar Ispaniyaning uchinchi maʼmuriy-siyosiy boʻlinmasi sifatida qayd etilgan. Komarkalar esa ushbu roʻyxatning hech biriga kiritilmagan.
+Amalda eng katta hokimiyat boshqaruvi imkoniyatlari munitsipalitetlarga tegishli; Provinsiya kengashlari esa kichik munitsipalitetlarni qoʻllab-quvvatlash bilangina cheklanadi{{sfn|Canel|1994|p=51}}{{sfn|Sánchez Morón|2017|loc=paragraph 16}}{{sfn|Cools|Verbeek|2013| loc=Explanatory Memorandum paragraph 212 on page 37}}{{sfn|MPA|2022|page=3}}{{sfn|Division of Powers|loc=paragraph 10}}. Shunga qaramay NUTS va OECD maʼlumotlarida 50ta provinsiya (9 tasida maʼmuriy funksiya yoʻqligini hisobga olgan holda), 7ta orol va 2ta avtonom shahar Ispaniyaning uchinchi maʼmuriy-siyosiy boʻlinmasi sifatida qayd etilgan. Komarkalar esa ushbu roʻyxatning hech biriga kiritilmagan.
+Qonun bo‘yicha munitsipalitetlar provinsiya chegaralarini kesib o‘tmaslikni talab qilsa-da, komarkalarda bunday cheklov yo‘q, shuning uchun viloyatlarni komarkalarga mukammal bo‘linishi mavjud emas; ular turli munitsipalitetlardan tashkil topgan bo‘lingan bo‘linmalardir. Masalan, [[Tierra de Pinares]] komarkasi ikki viloyatga, Cerdanya komarkasi esa Fransiya va Ispaniyaga bo‘lingan.
+Provinsiyalar ham, kommunatlar ham munitsipalitetlar guruhidir. Mintaqaviy qonunchilik bilan belgilangan ma’muriy funktsiyalarga ega bo‘lgan munitsipalitetlarning boshqa guruhlari mavjud, jumladan mancomunidades, metropolitan areas, juntas va boshqalar, ammo ular umuman Ispaniyaning hududiy yoki ma’muriy bo‘linmasi emas.
+Provinsiyalarga taalluqli [[Ispaniya]]ning yana bir hududiy bo‘linishi mavjud bo‘lib, ular viloyat kengashlarini saylash uchun saylov okruglari bo‘lgan [[431]] sud okrugiga bo‘lingan.
+Har bir darajaning nisbiy hajmi bo‘yicha 2002-yilda markaziy hukumat davlat xarajatlarining 48,7 foizini, viloyat hokimiyati 35,5 foizini va mahalliy hokimiyat 15,8 foizini tashkil etdi{{sfn|Moreno|2007|p=87}}.
+== Markazlashtirishni cheklash modeli ==
+Muzokaralar olib borilayotganda hal etilmagan bahs-munozaralar va siyosiy keskinliklar tufayli hududiy model Konstitutsiyaning eng noaniq va ataylab noaniq sohasi ekanligi taklif qilingan{{sfn|Cas.anova|Gil Andrés|2014|p=314,315}}{{sfn|Rosselló Villalonga|2001|p=8}}.
+== Manbalar ==
+{{manbalar}}
 [[Turkum:Ispaniya]]
 [[Turkum:Ispaniya bo‘linmalari]]
 [[Turkum:Ispaniya siyosatiga aloqador ro‘yxatlar]]
+== Adabiyotlar ==
+* {{cite book |  language = English| chapter=The Federal Option and Constitutional Management of Diversity in Spain| date=November 2013
+| pages=375–399 | first=Xavier |last = Arbós i Marín |title=The Ways of Federalism in Western Countries and the Horizons of Territorial Autonomy in Spain (volume 2)| editor1-first= Alberto |editor1-last= López-Eguren| editor2-first=Leire | editor2-last= Escajedo San Epifanio| doi=10.1007/978-3-642-27717-7_27| publisher=[[Axel Springer SE|Springer]]| isbn=978-3-642-27716-0}}
+* {{Cite journal|first=Abel|last=Albet i Mas|year=2019|title=The municipal map in Spain: structure, evolution and problems|language=es|journal=Geopolitica(s). Revista de estudios sobre espacio y poder|volume=10|issue=1|pages=11–40|doi=10.5209/GEOP.63834|doi-access=free}}
+* {{cite journal |last=Agranoff |first=Robert |title=Federal Asymmetry and Intergovernmental Relations in Spain | journal=Asymmetry Series Working Papers | date= 2005 | number=17 | publisher= Institute of Intergovernmental Relations | language=English | url=/proxy/https://www.queensu.ca/iigr/sites/iirwww/files/uploaded_files/Agranoff2006.pdf | access-date=27 June 2023}}
+* {{cite journal|title=Local government in the Spanish autonomic state |first=Maria Jose |last=Canel |journal=Local Government Studies |volume=20 |issue=1|year=1994 |location=London |publisher=Frank Cass |pages=44–59|doi=10.1080/03003939408433710 |lang=en}}
+* {{Cite book |last1=Casanova |first1=Julián |title=Twentieth-century Spain. A History. |last2=Gil Andrés |first2=Carlos |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-107-60267-0 |language=en |translator-last=Douch |translator-first=Martin |oclc=870438787}}
+* {{Cite book|isbn=978-0-19-882693-4|chapter=Decentralization in Spain: federal evolution and performance of the estado autonómico|first=César|last=Colino|pages=62–81|editor-first=Diego|editor-last=Muro|editor-first2=Ignacio|editor-last2=Lago|year=2020|title=The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|chapter-url=/proxy/https://books.google.com/books?id=BtjODwAAQBAJ&pg=62}}
+* {{cite journal | title=The Spanish 'state of autonomies': Non-institutional federalism | journal= West European Politics |volume=21 |number=4 |year=1998 |pages=40–52 | last=Colomer| first=Josep M.| doi=10.1080/01402389808425270| language=English|author-link1=Josep Colomer}}
+* {{Cite book |date=19–21 March 2013 |title=Local and regional democracy in Spain |first1=Marc |last1=Cools |first2=Leen |last2=Verbeek |author-link2=Leen Verbeek |url=/proxy/https://rm.coe.int/168071969f |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] | language=English }}
+* {{cite report  |last=Heywood| first=Paul|date=August 2000| chapter=Spanish Regionalism: A case study|title=Regional Government in France and Spain| publisher=Josep Rowntree Foundation| language=English |url= https://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/sites/constitution_unit/files/64.pdf}}
+* {{cite journal| last=Keating | first=Michael | year=2007 | title=Federalism and the Balance of Power in European States | publisher=OECD| journal=Support for Improvement in Governance and Management |url=/proxy/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/8/37890628.pdf |author-link=Michael Keating (political scientist)}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Linde Paniagua |first1=Enrique |title=Las Diputaciones Provinciales y su Futuro Incierto |trans-title =The Provincial Councils and their uncertain future|journal=Teoría y Realidad Constitucional |date=2018 |volume=41 |issue=41 |pages=113–135 |doi=10.5944/trc.41.2018.22119 |language=Spanish |url=/proxy/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6438501.pdf|access-date=22 June 2019|doi-access=free }}
+* {{Cite book |last=Moreno |first=Luis |year=2007 |title=Multinational Federations |publisher=Routledge  |isbn=978-0-415-41490-6 |editor-last=Burgess |editor-first=Michael |edition=1st|pages=86–107 |chapter=Federalisation in Multinational Spain  |hdl=10261/177010 |oclc=1257713892 |access-date=19 October 2023 |editor-last2=Pinder |editor-first2=John |chapter-url=/proxy/https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/177010 |archive-url=/proxy/https://web.archive.org/web/20220308234940/https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/177010 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |url-status=live| doi=10.4324/9780203964514}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Moreno |first1=Angel M. |editor1-last=Merloni |editor1-first=Francesco |title=Regionalisation Trends in European Countries 2007-2015: Spain |date=June 2016 |publisher=Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of The Council of Europe |pages=183–191 |url=/proxy/https://rm.coe.int/168071aa29|language=en}}
+* {{cite journal| title= Non–institutional federalism in Spain| publisher=Instituto de Estudios Fiscales [Institute of Fiscal Studies]| last= Rosselló Villalonga | first= Joan | date=2001 | journal=Papeles de Trabajo [Working papers] |language=English |
+url= https://www.ief.es/docs/destacados/publicaciones/papeles_trabajo/2001_04.pdf}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Sánchez Morón |first1=Miguel |title=¿Deben suprimirse las diputaciones provinciales?|trans-title=Should provincial councils be abolished? |journal=El Cronista del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho |date=January 2017 |volume=65 |url=/proxy/http://laadministracionaldia.inap.es/noticia.asp?id=1507162 |access-date=20 June 2019 |publisher=Iustel |language=Spanish |issn=1889-0016}}
+* {{cite journal|title=Reflexiones sobre el gobierno local |trans-title=Reflections on local government |language=Spanish |first=Manuel |last=Zafra Víctor |journal=Anuario del Gobierno Local |issn=2013-4924 |issue=1 |year=2004 |isbn=84-609-5895-7 |accessdate=9 June 2022 |location=Barcelona |publisher=Institut de Dret Públic|format=pdf |url=/proxy/http://repositorio.gobiernolocal.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10873/519/097-114 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=/proxy/https://web.archive.org/web/20160809071942/http://repositorio.gobiernolocal.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10873/519/097-114%20Zafra.pdf |archivedate=2016-08-09}}
+* {{cite web| title= Eurostat regional yearbook 2022 | publisher=European Commission | url= https://ec.europa.eu/statistical-atlas/viewer/?config=RYB-2022.json&mids=BKGCNT,C01M02,CNTOVL&o=1,1,0.7&ch=PEO,C01&center=42.81314,0.97783,4&lcis=C01M02& | ref={{harvid|Eurostat}}}}
+* {{cite web | title=Spain - Summary |website=Division of Powers | access-date=June 26, 2023 | publisher = European Committee of the Regions| url= https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/Pages/Spain-intro.aspx |ref={{harvid|Division of Powers}}| language=English }}
+* {{cite web |title=The Spanish Constitution |url=/proxy/https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionINGLES.pdf |publisher=Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado [National Agency of the [[Boletín Oficial del Estado|Official State Gazette]]]|access-date=10 June 2022 |language=English |date=1978|ref={{harvid|Spanish Constitution|1978}}}}
+* {{cite web |title=Local Government in Spain |url=/proxy/https://www.hacienda.gob.es/Documentacion/Publico/SGT/CATALOGO_SEFP/223_Regimen-Local-ING-INTERNET.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Public Administration |access-date=11 June 2022 |language=English |ref={{harvid|MPA|}}}}
+* {{cite web|title= Local Government Act (Organic Law 7/1985)
+|url=/proxy/https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/1985/04/02/7/con |publisher=Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado [National Agency of the [[Boletín Oficial del Estado|Official State Gazette]]]|access-date=12 June 2022 |year=1985|pages=8945–8964 |language=Spanish|ref={{harvid| Local Government Act |1985}}}}
+* {{cite web|title=Synopsis of Article 137 of the Spanish Constitucion | url=/proxy/https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=137&tipo=2| publisher=Congreso de los Diputados [Congress of Deputies] | access-date=11 June 2023 |year=2011|language=Spanish |ref={{harvid| Synopsis of Article 137 of the Constitution||}}}}