Some thoughts about artificial stupidity and artificial dumbness
Abstract
In a recently published book, the French writer and comedian Fran�ois Rollin has discussed various aspects of the notion of stupidity, including artificial stupidity, the stupid counterpart of artificial intelligence. His claim is that a system of artificial stupidity is a system that provides wrong answers to any task it should solve, leading to absurd solutions in most cases. We believe that this claim is (at least partially) false and that designing artificial stupidity is not as trivial as it seems. In this article, we discuss why and how one could design a system of artificial stupidity. We believe that such a reflection on (artificial) stupidity can bring about some interesting insights about (artificial) intelligence.
References
[1]
L. Amgoud and C. Cayrol, A reasoning model based on the production of acceptable arguments, Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 34(1–3) (2002), 197–215.
[2]
É. Astier, H. Iopeti, J. Lieber, H. Mathieu Steinbach and L. Yvoz, Case-based cleaning of text images, in: Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 31st International ICCBR, S. Massie and S. Chakraborti, eds, Aberdeen, UK, 2023, pp. 344–358.
[3]
K. Atkinson and T.J.M. Bench-Capon, Value-based argumentation, FLAP 8(6) (2021), 1543–1588.
[4]
G. Bechtel and J. Carrière, Dictionnaire de la Bêtise et des erreurs de jugement, suivi du Livre des Bizarres, Robert Laffont, Bouquins, 1965, 1991, 2014.
[5]
P. Besnard and A. Hunter, Elements of Argumentation, MIT Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-262-02643-7.
[6]
P. Bisquert, F. Dupin de Saint-Cyr and P. Besnard, Assessing arguments with schemes and fallacies, in: Proc. 15th Int. Conf. on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (LPNMR’19), Philadelphia, June 3–7, M. Balduccini, Y. Lierler and S. Woltran, eds, LNCS, Vol. 11481, Springer, 2019, pp. 61–74.
[7]
E. Bonabeau, M. Dorigo and G. Théraulaz, Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems, Oxford University Press, 1999.
[8]
D. Bouyssou, D. Dubois, M. Pirlot and H. Prade (eds), Decision Making Process: Concepts and Methods, Wiley, 2009.
[9]
C.M. Cipolla, The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity, il Mulino, Bologna, 2011.
[10]
P. Denis, Éloge de la Bêtise, Presses Universitaires de France – PUF, 2001.
[11]
R. Descartes, Discours de la méthode, 1637, Discourse on the Method, Optics, Geometry and Meteorology, Revised edn, translation by P.J. Olscamp, Hackett, Indianapolis, 2001.
[12]
P.M. Dung, On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games, Artif. Intell. 77(2) (1995), 321–358.
[13]
F. Dupin de Saint-Cyr and H. Prade, La compréhension des histoires drôles: une affaire de révision de croyances, Revue Ouverte d’Intelligence Artificielle 3(3–4) (2022), 253–285.
[14]
F. Dupin de Saint-Cyr and H. Prade, Belief revision and incongruity: Is it a joke? J. of Applied Non-Classical Logics (2023), to appear.
[15]
U. Eco, Experiences in Translation, University of Toronto Press, 2008.
[16]
R. Fagin and J.Y. Halpern, Belief, Awareness, and Limited Reasoning., Artif. Intell. 34(1) (1987), 39–76.
[17]
H. Frankfurt, On Bullshit, Princeton University Press, 2005.
[18]
C. Godin, Does stupidity exist?, Le philosophoire 42(2) (2014), 27–38, The author develops his point in his Encyclopédie Conceptuelle et Thématique de laPhilosophie (Editions Champ Vallon, 2018) 2018 in chapter 96 on intelligence which includes a section III on stupidity and a section IV on artificial intelligence.
[19]
P.H. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words, Harvard University Press, 1989.
[20]
P.R. Halmos, The legend of John von Neumann, Amer. Math. Monthly 80 (1973), 382–394.
[21]
L. Latzarus, Éloge de la Bêtise, Hachette, 1925.
[22]
L. Lidén, Artificial stupidity: The art of intentional mistakes, in: AI Game Programming Wisdom, Vol. 2, S. Rabin, ed., Charles River Media Rockland, MA, 2003, pp. 41–48.
[23]
J. Lieber, J. Mailly, P. Marquis, H. Prade and F. Rollin, Quelques réflexions autour de la notion de bêtise artificielle, in: 16èmes Journées d’Intelligence Artificielle Fondamentale, JIAF 2022, Saint-Étienne, France, June 30–July 1, 2022, Z. Bouraoui and A. Wilczynski, eds, 2022, pp. 50–60. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03781382/document.
[24]
J. Lieber and E. Nauer, Adaptation knowledge discovery using positive and negative cases, in: Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Proceedings of the 29th ICCBR, A.A. Sánchez-Ruiz and M.W. Floyd, eds, Springer, 2021, pp. 140–155.
[25]
R. Musil, On stupidity, PN Review 5 5(3) (1978). Über die Dummheit, Reclam Verlag, 1937.
[26]
A. Nijholt, “All the world’s a stage”: Incongruity humour revisited, Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 88(5–6) (2020), 405–438.
[27]
J. Paul, Das Lob der Dummheit, 1782, Eulogy of stupidity, 2012, no English translation known; French and Spanish translations: Éloge de la Bêtise, Jose Corti, 1993, and Elogio de la estupidez, Sequitur.
[28]
J.A. Paulos, Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences, Hill and Wang, 1988.
[29]
I. Perissi and U. Bardi, The sixth law of stupidity: A biophysical interpretation of Carlo Cipolla’s stupidity laws, Systems 9(3) (2021), 57.
[30]
H. Prade, Handling (un)awareness and related issues in possibilistic logic: A preliminary discussion, in: Proc. of NMR 2006, 2006, pp. 219–225.
[31]
M.M. Richter and R.O. Weber, Case-Based Reasoning, a Textbook, Springer, 2013.
[32]
C.K. Riesbeck and R.C. Schank, Inside Case-Based Reasoning, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1989.
[33]
G. Ritchie, The Comprehension of Jokes: A Cognitive Science Framework, CRC Press, 2018.
[34]
F. Rollin, Suis – je bête ! : L’héroïque Professeur Rollin foudroie la bêtise avec ruse et modestie, Presses Universitaires de France, 2020, Illustrations by D. Goossens, foreword by A. Astier.
[35]
J. Rossit, J.-G. Mailly, Y. Dimopoulos and P. Moraitis, United we stand: Accruals in strength-based argumentation, Argument Comput. 12(1) (2021), 87–113.
[36]
L.J. Savage, The Foundations of Statistics, John Wiley and sons Inc., New-York, 1954.
[37]
L. Schneps and C. Colmez, Math on Trial: How Numbers Get Used and Abused in the Courtroom, Basic Books, New York, 2013.
[38]
A.G.B. Tettamanzi and C. da Costa Pereira, Testing Carlo Cipolla’s laws of human stupidity with agent-based modeling, in: 2014 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), Warsaw, Poland, August 11–14, 2014 IEEE Computer Society, Vol. III, 2014, pp. 246–253.
[39]
A. Turing, Computing machinery and intelligence, Mind LIX(236) (1950), 433–460.
[40]
J. Weizenbaum, Eliza – a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine, Communications of the ACM 9(1) (1966), 36–45.
[41]
T. Winograd, Understanding natural language, Cognitive psychology 3(1) (1972), 1–191.
[42]
G.N. Yannakakis and J. Togelius, Artificial Intelligence and Games, Springer, 2018.
Recommendations
Risk management standards and the active management of malicious intent in artificial superintelligence
AbstractThe likely near future creation of artificial superintelligence carries significant risks to humanity. These risks are difficult to conceptualise and quantify, but malicious use of existing artificial intelligence by criminals and state actors is ...
Artificial intelligence
AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is the Science and Engineering domain concerned with the theory and practice of developing systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior. Starting with a brief history of ...
Advancing artificial intelligence research and dissemination through conference series: Benchmark, scientific impact and the MICAI experience
This article presents an overview, analysis and benchmark of the best-known artificial intelligence (AI) conferences, including the Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI) conference series, and describes how MICAI has ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
© 2024 – IOS Press. All rights reserved.
Publisher
IOS Press
Netherlands
Publication History
Published: 19 June 2024
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 19 Oct 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
View options
Get Access
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in