skip to main content
10.1145/285237.285289acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescommConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article
Free access

Scoped hybrid automatic repeat reQuest with forward error correction (SHARQFEC)

Published: 01 October 1998 Publication History

Abstract

Reliable multicast protocols scale only as well as their ability to localize traffic. This is true for repair requests, repairs, and the session traffic that enables receivers to suppress extraneous requests and repairs. We propose a new reliable multicast traffic localization technique called Scoped Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest with Forward Error Correction (SHARQFEC). SHARQFEC operates in an end-to-end fashion and localizes traffic using a hierarchy of administratively scoped regions. Session traffic is further reduced through the use of a novel method for indirectly determining the distances between session members. For large sessions, this mechanism reduces the amount of session traffic by several orders of magnitude over non-scoped protocols such as Scalable Reliable Multicast (SRM). Forward Error Correction is selectively added to regions which are experiencing greater loss, thereby reducing the volume of repair traffic and recovery times. Receivers request additional repairs as necessary. Simulations show that SHARQFEC out performs both SRM and non-scoped hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest / Forward Error Correction protocols. Assuming the widespread deployment of administrative scoping, SHARQFEC could conceivably provide scalable reliable delivery to tens of millions of receivers without huge increases in network bandwidth.

References

[1]
Berners-Lee, T.J., Cailiau, R., and Groff, J.E, "The World Wide Web", Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Nov 1992, vol.25, (no4-5), pp 454-9.
[2]
Deering, S., and Hinden, R., "Internet Protocol, Version 6, Specification", RFC 1883, Xerox PARC, Ipsilon Networks, December 1995.
[3]
Floyd, S., Jacobson, V., McCanne, S., Liu, C., and Zhang, L., "A Reliable Multicast Framework for Light-weight Sessions and Application Level Framing", Proceedings of ACM SIG- COMM '95, Cambridge U.S.A, pp342-356.
[4]
Gemmell, J., "Scalable Reliable Multicast Using Erasure- Correcting Re-Sends," Microsoft Research Technical Report, MSR-TR-97-20, June 30, 1997.
[5]
Handley, M., "On Scalable Multimedia Conferencing Systems'', Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 1997.
[6]
Holbrook, H.W., Singhal, S.K., and Cheriton, D.R., "Logbased receiver-reliable multicast for distributed interactive simulation," in Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM '95, October 1995.
[7]
Huitema, C., '~The case for packet level FEC", Proceedings of IFIP 5th International Workshop on Protocols for High Speed Networks (PfHSN'96)," INRIA, Sophia Antipolis, FRANCE, October 1995, IFIP, Chapman &Hall.
[8]
ISO/IEC 138182-2 (MPEG-2), "Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio - Part 2, Video," International Standard, November 1994.
[9]
Kermode, R., "Smart Network Caches: Localized Content and Application Negotiated Recovery Mechanisms for Multicast Media Distribution," Ph.D. Thesis, MIT, June 1998. URL: http://www, medig, mit.edu/-woja/thesis,html
[10]
Nonnenmacher, J., Biersack, E., Towsley, D., "Parity-Based Loss Recovery for Reliable Multicast transmission," Computer Communications Review ACM SIGCOMM, volume 27, number 4, 1997.
[11]
Papadopoulos, C., Parulkar, G., and Varghese, G., "An Error Control Scheme for Large-Scale Multicast," submitted to Infocom 98.
[12]
Paul, S., Sabnani, K., Lin, J., and Bhattacharyya, S., "Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP)", To appear IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, special issue on Network Support for Multipoint Communication.
[13]
Postel, J., "lnternet Protocol", RFC 791, September 1981.
[14]
Rizzo, L., "Effective Erasure Codes for Reliable Computer Communication Protocols," ACM Computer Communications Review, Vol. 27, n.2, Apr. 97, pp. 24-36.
[15]
Rizzo L., and Vicisano, L., "A Reliable Multicast data Distribution Protocol based on software FEC techniques," Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE, HPCS'97 Workshop, Chalkidiki, Greece, June 1997.
[16]
Rubenstein, D., Kurose, J., Towsley, D., "Real-Time Reliable Multicast Using Proactive Forward Error Correction," NOSS- DAV '98, Cambridge, UK, July 1998.
[17]
Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and Jacobson, V., "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications," RFC I889, January 1996.
[18]
UCB/LBNL/VINT Network Simulator, ns, URL: htLp://wwwmash.cs.berkelev, edu/ns
[19]
UCB/LBNL/VINT Network Animator, nam, URL: ht~ w ww- m as h. c s,berkeley, edu/nam
[20]
Yajnik, M., Kurose, J., and Towsley, D., "Packet Loss Correlation in the MBone multicast network," Proceedings of IEEE Global Internet Mini-Conf. GLOBECOM'96, Nov. 1996.
[21]
Yavatkar, R., Griffioen, J., and Sudan, M., "A Reliable Dissemination Protocol for Interactive Collaborations," Proceedings of ACM Multimedia 95. 1995.

Cited By

View all
  • (2009)Exploring the design space of reliable multicast protocols for wireless mesh networksAd Hoc Networks10.1016/j.adhoc.2008.08.0057:5(932-954)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2009
  • (2006)Offline Adaptive Forward Error Correction (AFEC) for Reliable Multicast2006 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control10.1109/ICNSC.2006.1673157(275-280)Online publication date: 2006
  • (2004)A server relay recovery strategy (SRRS) for reliable multicast over Internet-like topologies2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577)10.1109/ICC.2004.1312844(1867-1871 Vol.4)Online publication date: 2004
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Scoped hybrid automatic repeat reQuest with forward error correction (SHARQFEC)

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      SIGCOMM '98: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
      October 1998
      328 pages
      ISBN:1581130031
      DOI:10.1145/285237
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Sponsors

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 01 October 1998

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. ARQ
      2. FEC
      3. administrative-scoping
      4. hierarchy
      5. multicast
      6. reliable
      7. scalable

      Qualifiers

      • Article

      Conference

      SIGCOMM98
      Sponsor:
      SIGCOMM98: ACM SIGCOMM'98
      August 31 - September 4, 1998
      British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

      Acceptance Rates

      SIGCOMM '98 Paper Acceptance Rate 26 of 247 submissions, 11%;
      Overall Acceptance Rate 462 of 3,389 submissions, 14%

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)72
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)13
      Reflects downloads up to 22 Oct 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2009)Exploring the design space of reliable multicast protocols for wireless mesh networksAd Hoc Networks10.1016/j.adhoc.2008.08.0057:5(932-954)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2009
      • (2006)Offline Adaptive Forward Error Correction (AFEC) for Reliable Multicast2006 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control10.1109/ICNSC.2006.1673157(275-280)Online publication date: 2006
      • (2004)A server relay recovery strategy (SRRS) for reliable multicast over Internet-like topologies2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577)10.1109/ICC.2004.1312844(1867-1871 Vol.4)Online publication date: 2004
      • (2004)Improving reliable multicast using active parity encoding servicesComputer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking10.1016/S1389-1286(03)00323-244:1(63-78)Online publication date: 15-Jan-2004
      • (2003)Reliable wireless multicast using fast low-density codesThe 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Spring.10.1109/VETECS.2003.1207821(1218-1222)Online publication date: 2003
      • (2003)A recovery algorithm for reliable multicasting in reliable networks2003 International Conference on Parallel Processing, 2003. Proceedings.10.1109/ICPP.2003.1240614(493-500)Online publication date: 2003
      • (2003)A model of periodic acknowledgementPerformance Evaluation10.1016/S0166-5316(02)00181-552:4(221-235)Online publication date: 1-May-2003
      • (2003)Organizing multicast receivers deterministically by packet-loss correlationMultimedia Systems10.1007/s00530-003-0050-29:1(3-14)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2003
      • (2002)A Study of Adaptive Forward Error Correction for Wireless Collaborative ComputingIEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems10.1109/TPDS.2002.103606713:9(936-947)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2002
      • (2002)Adaptive Hybrid Error Control for IP-Based Continuous Media Multicast ServicesQuality of Future Internet Services10.1007/3-540-39939-9_20(245-258)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2002
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Get Access

      Login options

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media