31st Chess Olympiad
The 31st Chess Olympiad (Russian: 31-я Шахматная олимпиада, 31-ya Shakhmatnaya olimpiada), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[1] and a women's tournament, took place between November 30 and December 17, 1994, in Moscow, Russia. Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Yuri Averbakh of Russia.
The record number of nations once again counted some old faces playing under new flags. Yugoslavia was back, but now represented by the federation of Serbia-Montenegro. Another former Yugoslav republic, Macedonia, also made its debut, as did the Czech Republic and Slovakia who competed individually for the first time. Finally, the International Braille Chess Association entered two truly international teams.
The Russian team retained their title, captained by PCA world champion Kasparov. Due to a dispute with the national federation, FIDE champion Anatoly Karpov was not present. A strong performance from Bosnia-Herzegovina, led by Nikolić, earned them the silver, while the Russian "B" team of juniors, somewhat surprisingly, took the bronze—the first and only time that the same nation has occupied more than one medal rank.
Open event
[edit]The open division was contested by 124 teams representing 122 nations plus Russia "B" and the IBCA. The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of his or her moves, then an additional 1-hour to make the next 20 moves. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; and 2. Match points.
Open event # Country Players Average
ratingPoints Buchholz 1 Russia Kasparov, Kramnik, Bareev, Dreev, Tiviakov, Svidler 2714 37½ 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina P. Nikolić, Sokolov, Kurajica, Dizdarević, N. Nikolić, Milovanović 2585 35 3 Russia "B" Morozevich, Zviagintsev, Ulibin, Rublevsky, Sakaev, Yemelin 2570 34½ 457.5
# Country Average
ratingPoints Buchholz MP 4 England 2630 34½ 5 Bulgaria 2570 34 453.0 6 Netherlands 2610 34 450.5 7 United States 2598 34 432.5 8 Hungary 2619 33½ 449.5 9 Ukraine 2624 33½ 448.5 10 Georgia 2564 33½ 446.5 11 China 2530 33½ 443.5 12 Belarus 2565 33½ 434.0 13 Armenia 2601 33 442.5 14 Israel 2611 33 438.0 15 Yugoslavia 2546 32½ 453.0 16 Germany 2611 32½ 452.0 17 Estonia 2536 32½ 449.5 18 Spain 2525 32½ 440.0 19 Latvia 2595 32 437.0 20 Cuba 2508 32 433.0 18 21 Philippines 2465 32 433.0 16 22 Iceland 2553 32 432.0 23 Uzbekistan 2569 32 427.5 24 Lithuania 2528 31� 448.5 25 Romania 2495 31� 438.5 26 Croatia 2555 31� 435.0 27 Poland 2496 31� 427.5 28 Denmark 2501 31 440.0 29 Czech Republic 2521 31 431.5 30 Slovakia 2504 31 422.0 31 Switzerland 2509 31 421.5 32 Indonesia 2464 31 420.5 33 Argentina 2519 30� 436.5 34 France 2529 30� 432.5 35 Kyrgyzstan 2428 30� 421.0 36 Azerbaijan 2188 30� 420.0 37 Slovenia 2455 30� 416.0 38 Peru 2495 30� 410.5 39 Mexico 2415 30� 403.5 40 Turkmenistan 2418 30 425.0 41 Moldova 2499 30 424.0 42 Australia 2476 30 423.5 43 Greece 2501 30 421.5 44 Kazakhstan 2486 30 420.5 45 Macedonia 2440 30 418.0 46 Belgium 2345 30 405.0 47 Norway 2464 29� 430.5 48 Vietnam 2394 29� 418.5 49 Turkey 2395 29� 408.5 15 50 Portugal 2449 29� 408.5 14 51 Finland 2375 29� 407.0 52 Faroe Islands 2260 29� 367.5 53 Italy 2448 29 411.5 54 Scotland 2428 29 409.5 55 India 2475 29 398.0 56 Ireland 2303 29 394.5 57 Tunisia 2381 29 393.0 58 South Africa 2265 29 392.0 59 Austria 2431 29 388.0 60 Albania 2343 29 384.0 61 Chile 2400 28� 405.5 62 Brazil 2510 28� 402.0 63 Luxembourg 2333 28� 396.5 64 United Arab Emirates 2148 28� 367.5 65 Canada 2440 28 413.0 66 Bangladesh 2420 28 410.0 67 Morocco 2270 28 399.0 14 68 Tajikistan 2320 28 399.0 12 69 Egypt 2385 28 395.5 70 Algeria 2268 28 377.5 71 Mongolia 2341 27� 397.5 72 Ecuador 2180 27� 386.5 73 Dominican Republic 2193 27� 372.5 74 New Zealand 2314 27� 371.0 75 Nigeria 2184 27� 370.5 76 Wales 2178 27� 367.5 77 Singapore 2359 27 392.5 78 Uruguay 2391 27 388.5 79 Colombia 2349 27 368.5 80 IBCA 2255 26� 81 Costa Rica 2289 26 377.5 82 Iran 2210 26 375.5 83 Zimbabwe 2135 26 359.5 84 Hong Kong 2171 26 354.0 85 Andorra 2134 26 348.5 86 Iraq 2300 25� 390.0 87 Japan 2261 25� 382.5 88 Thailand 2128 25� 380.0 89 Yemen 2000 25� 373.5 90 Paraguay 2286 25� 372.0 91 Liechtenstein 2204 25� 360.5 92 Nicaragua 2183 25� 355.0 93 Angola 2206 25� 356.5 94 Guatemala 2053 25� 316.5 95 Lebanon 2190 25 375.0 96 Malaysia 2051 25 368.5 97 El Salvador 2058 25 357.5 98 Venezuela 2041 24� 378.0 99 Bermuda 2040 24� 364.5 100 Jordan 2213 24� 363.0 101 Barbados 2123 24� 343.5 102 Honduras 2000 24� 329.5 103 Netherlands Antilles 2026 24� 322.5 104 Puerto Rico 2250 24 373.0 105 Qatar 2190 24 364.5 106 Sudan 2146 24 349.0 107 Malta 2094 24 345.0 108 Haiti 2054 24 324.5 109 Zambia 2051 23� 368.0 110 Cyprus 2105 23� 355.0 111 Botswana 2199 23� 347.5 112 Fiji 2043 23� 327.5 113 Mauritius 2051 23� 322.0 114 Macau 2000 23� 315.0 115 British Virgin Islands 2118 23 321.5 116 San Marino 2053 23 319.5 117 Palestine 2000 23 314.5 118 Monaco 2000 22� 119 Bahrain 2000 22 120 Panama 2000 21� 121 Namibia 2000 19 122 Guernsey and Jersey 2000 15� 123 Seychelles 2000 14 124 United States Virgin Islands 2000 11
Individual medals
[edit]- Performance rating: Veselin Topalov 2781
- Board 1: Daniel Hugo C�mpora 7� / 9 = 83.3%
- Board 2: Carlos D�vila 11 / 14 = 78.6%
- Board 3: Ennio Arlandi 7� / 9 = 83.3%
- Board 4: Yasser Seirawan 8� / 10 = 85.0%
- 1st reserve: Leighton Williams 6 / 7 = 85.7%
- 2nd reserve: Brian Kelly 5� / 7 = 78.6%
Women's event
[edit]The women's division was contested by 81 teams representing 79 nations plus Russia "B" and the IBCA. The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of his or her moves, then an additional 1-hour to make the next 20 moves. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; and 2. Match points.
The Georgian team, led by former world champion Chiburdanidze, retained their title. Hungary returned to the medal ranks due to the return of Zsuzsa and Zs�fia Polg�r. Meanwhile, little sister Judit played first board for the Hungarian team in the open event - the first woman to do so. China, captained by reigning world champion Xie Jun, took the bronze.
# Country Players Average
ratingPoints Buchholz 1 Georgia Chiburdanidze, Ioseliani, Arakhamia-Grant, Gurieli 2463 32 2 Hungary Zsuzsa Polg�r, Zs�fia Polg�r, M�dl, Csonkics 2472 31 3 China Xie Jun, Peng Zhaoqin, Qin Kanying, Zhu Chen 2420 27 351.0
# Country Average
ratingPoints Buchholz 4 Romania 2357 27 346.0 5 Ukraine 2340 25 6 Estonia 2255 24� 336.5 7 Germany 2352 24� 326.0 8 England 2270 24� 320.5 9 Israel 2260 24 346.0 10 Russia 2382 24 342.0 11 Kazakhstan 2267 24 338.0 12 Russia "B" 2238 24 337.5 13 Bulgaria 2317 24 328.0 14 Vietnam 2120 24 324.5 15 Belarus 2263 24 322.5 16 Greece 2280 24 314.0 17 Yugoslavia 2378 23� 332.5 18 Azerbaijan 2352 23� 329.5 19 Croatia 2258 23� 324.5 20 Poland 2298 23� 309.0 21 Czech Republic 2227 23� 304.0 22 United States 2317 23 329.5 23 Lithuania 2212 23 304.5 24 Armenia 2203 22� 323.5 25 Cuba 2203 22� 322.0 26 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2188 22� 320.5 27 Latvia 2317 22� 320.0 28 France 2180 22� 317.5 29 Indonesia 2167 22� 314.5 30 Slovenia 2167 22� 310.5 31 Uzbekistan 2150 22� 305.0 32 Mongolia 2143 22� 300.5 33 Denmark 2143 22� 289.0 34 India 2178 22 309.0 35 Netherlands 2213 22 302.0 36 Argentina 2152 22 301.0 37 Switzerland 2188 22 300.0 38 Moldova 2263 21� 343.0 39 Spain 2240 21� 316.5 40 Kyrgyzstan 2177 21� 301.0 41 Norway 2072 21� 287.0 42 Slovakia 2167 21 305.0 43 Sweden 2158 21 295.0 44 Brazil 2095 21 290.0 45 Macedonia 2113 20� 294.0 46 Finland 2058 20� 289.5 47 Italy 2015 20� 276.0 48 Ireland 2032 20� 274.5 49 Malaysia 2012 20� 272.0 50 Turkmenistan 2038 20 293.0 51 Scotland 2035 20 292.5 52 Canada 2090 20 287.0 53 IBCA 2115 20 285.5 54 Austria 2095 20 283.0 55 Colombia 2037 20 263.0 56 Australia 2118 19� 296.0 57 Venezuela 2027 19� 288.0 58 Turkey 2040 19� 275.0 59 Philippines 2003 19� 265.5 60 Chile 2022 19� 248.0 61 Dominican Republic 2000 19� 219.0 62 Bangladesh 2110 19 294.5 63 Mexico 2000 19 273.5 64 Algeria 2000 19 244.0 65 Wales 2003 19 226.5 66 Nigeria 2000 19 222.0 67 Ecuador 2000 18� 283.5 68 Portugal 2002 18� 281.0 69 Albania 2000 18� 273.5 70 Belgium 2000 18� 259.5 71 Iran 2000 18� 229.0 72 Puerto Rico 2002 18 240.0 73 Singapore 2003 18 223.5 74 New Zealand 2012 18 213.0 75 Costa Rica 2000 17� 76 Zimbabwe 2003 17 77 Seychelles 2000 14� 78 Botswana 2000 10� 79 Malta 2000 10 213.5 80 Netherlands Antilles 2000 10 212.0 81 United States Virgin Islands 2003 7�
Individual medals
[edit]- Performance rating: Zs�fia Polg�r 2625
- Board 1: Lubov Zsiltzova-Lisenko (IBCA) 10� / 13 = 80.8%
- Board 2: Zs�fia Polg�r 12� / 14 = 89.3%
- Board 3: Amelia Hern�ndez 8� / 9 = 94.4%
- Reserve: Elena Sedina 10� / 12 = 87.5%
References
[edit]- 31st Chess Olympiad: Moscow 1994 OlimpBase