tumpah

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• toempah (pre-1947)

Etymology

From Malay tumpah, ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumpaq.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈtumpah/ [ˈt̪um.pah]
• Rhymes: -umpah
• Syllabification: tum‧pah

Verb

tumpah

1. to spill; to shed
   • 1924, Wage Rudolf Soepratman (lyrics and music), “Indonesia Raya (National Anthem of Indonesia)”:

     Indonesia, tanah airku
     Tanah tumpah darahku

     Indonesia, my homeland
     The land where I shed my blood

Conjugation

Conjugation of tumpah (ber-, transitive)
Root	tumpah
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Basic / Imperative	Jussive
Active	bertumpah	tertumpah	ditumpah	tumpah	tumpahlah
Locative	–	–	–	–	–
Causative / Applicative1	menumpahkan	tertumpahkan	ditumpahkan	tumpahkan	tumpahkanlah
	Causative
Active	–	–	–	–	–
Locative	–	–	–	–	–
Causative / Applicative1	mempertumpahkan	terpertumpahkan	dipertumpahkan	pertumpahkan	pertumpahkanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Further reading

• “tumpah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

Ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumpaq.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumpah/ [ˈt̪um.pah]
• Hyphenation: tum‧pah

Verb

tumpah (Jawi spelling تومڤه)

1. to spill