Abstract
We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector can achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, required by the neutrino mass ordering determination.
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Authors and Affiliations
Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
Ara Ioannisian,�Narine Kazarian�&�Davit Mayilyan
Universit� Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Barbara Clerbaux,�Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean�&�Yifan Yang
Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
Pietro Chimenti
Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio, Brazil
Hiroshi Nunokawa
Pontificia Universidad Cat�lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Angel Abusleme,�Agustin Campeny,�Marco Diaz,�Rafael Herrera,�Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux,�Giancarlo Troni�&�Pablo Walker
Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
Jonathan Miller
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing, China
Yaping Cheng,�Ran Han�&�Xin Mao
Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Xinheng Guo�&�Jing Xu
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
Shouyang Hu,�Hanxiong Huang,�Siyu Jian,�Xiaomei Li,�Xinglong Li,�Hao Liang,�Jie Ren,�Xichao Ruan,�Minshan Zheng�&�Jing Zhou
Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
Guangpeng An,�Xiao Cai,�Yanke Cai,�Zhiyan Cai,�Chuanya Cao,�Guofu Cao,�Jun Cao,�Jinfan Chang,�Zhang Chen,�Jie Cheng,�Ziyan Deng,�Yayun Ding, Lei Fan, Jian Fang, Minghao Gu, Mengyun Guan, Cong Guo, Wanlei Guo, Miao He, Wei He, Yuekun Heng, Shaojing Hou, Jianrun Hu, Jun Hu, Tao Hu, Guihong Huang, Xiaolu Ji, Xiaoshan Jiang, Ruyi Jin, Xiaoping Jing, Fei Li, Huiling Li, Jin Li, Mengzhao Li, Nan Li, Ruhui Li, Weidong Li, Weiguo Li, Xiaonan Li, Yufeng Li, Tao Lin, Jinchang Liu, Shuangyu Liu, Shulin Liu, Yan Liu, Haoqi Lu, Junguang Lu, Xiaoxu Lu, Fengjiao Luo, Wuming Luo, Qiumei Ma, Si Ma, Xiaoyan Ma, Feipeng Ning, Zhe Ning, Yatian Pei, Fazhi Qi, Sen Qian, Xiaohui Qian, Zhonghua Qin, Jingyan Shi, Gongxing Sun, Xilei Sun, Yongzhao Sun, Xiao Tang, Nikolaos Vassilopoulos, Kunyu Wang, Lu Wang, Meifen Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Wenshuai Wang, Yangfu Wang, Yifang Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Lianghong Wei, Wei Wei, Liangjian Wen, Diru Wu, Zhi Wu, Yuguang Xie, Zhangquan Xie, Zhizhong Xing, Jilei Xu, Meihang Xu, Baojun Yan, Xiongbo Yan, Anbo Yang, Changgen Yang, Huan Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Haifeng Yao, Jiaxuan Ye, Mei Ye, Peihuai Yi, Xiangwei Yin, Boxiang Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Chengzhuo Yuan, Shan Zeng, Tingxuan Zeng, Liang Zhan, Guoqing Zhang, Haiqiong Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Peng Zhang, Xiaomei Zhang, Xuantong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yinhong Zhang, Yiyu Zhang, Yongpeng Zhang, Jie Zhao, Tianchi Zhao, Li Zhou, Shun Zhou, Kejun Zhu, Honglin Zhuang & Jiaheng Zou
North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
Yixue Chen, Fang Liu, Xubo Ma & Shifeng Sun
School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
Yajun Mao, Hao Qiao, Siguang Wang & Ying Yuan
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Shaomin Chen, Zhi Deng, Jianmeng Dong, Guanghua Gong, Hui Gong, Fule Li, Yi Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Zhe Wang, Zongyi Wang, Benda Xu, Zhenxiong Yuan & Liang Zong
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Qian Liu & Yangheng Zheng
Jilin University, Changchun, China
Jingbin Lu
College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
Nan Li, Qingjiang Li & Xi Wang
Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
Dongmei Xia
Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
Pingping Chen, Li Kang, Ruiting Lei, Shanfeng Li, Yi Li, Shengxin Lin, Bin Ren, Caishen Wang, Yadong Wei, Lei Yang, Chiye Yu, Zhijian Zhang & Hua Zheng
Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Yu Gu, Hui Liu, Fanrong Xu, Dongqin Zheng & Weirong Zhong
Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
Yu Chen, Jingyuan Guo, YuenKeung Hor, Hang Hu, Zhuojun Hu, Chunhao Huang, Xingzhao Ji, Amir Khan, Haitao Li, Jiaqi Li, Kaijie Li, Shuaijie Li, Tao Li, Zhibing Li, Ziyuan Li, Jiajie Ling, Hongtao Liu, Hu Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Guang Luo, Pengwei Luo, Neill Raper, Mikhail Smirnov, Jian Tang, Qiang Tang, Jun Wang, Wei Wang, Xiangyue Wang, Steven Chan-Fai Wong, Zhengyun You, Hongzhao Yu, Baobiao Yue, Yuda Zeng, Honghao Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Shu Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Rong Zhao & Jiang Zhu
Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
Qichun Feng, Lei Huo, Guoli Wang & Jingbo Zhang
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Qi An, Wenju Huo, Di Jiang, Hao Liang, Qin Liu, Shubin Liu, Haiping Peng, Yongjie Sun, Jian Wang & Nan Zhou
The Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry Group in University of South China, Hengyang, China
Hongjuan Liu, Min Liu, Anguo Peng, Shoukang Qiu, Quan Tang, Meng Wang & Cheng Xu
Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
Donghua Fan & Yi Wang
Shandong University, Jinan, China
Wenhao Huang, Xingtao Huang, Meng Wang & Qun Wu
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
Xurong Chen & Fengyi Zhao
Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Shenjian Chen, Ming Qi, Wei Wang, Yuman Wang & Fangliang Wu
Guangxi University, Nanning, China
Can Fang, Daojin Hong, Yongbo Huang, Jingjing Liang, Hongbang Liu & Xiangdong Ruan
East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
Fengpeng An
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Franco Giuliani, Jiaqi Hui, Jianglai Liu, Yue Meng, Donglian Xu, Feiyang Zhang, Tao Zhang & Yuanyuan Zhang
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Jianglai Liu, Donglian Xu & Ziping Ye
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
Haonan Gan, Chuan Lu & Yufei Xi
Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Huihui Jia, Yin Xu, Chunxu Yu & Xianghui Yu
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Hao Cai, Jiawei Deng, Junji Jia, Yaoguang Wang, Wenjie Wu, Miao Yu, Ziyi Yuan, Zhenyu Zhang & Xiang Zhou
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Yuhang Guo, Waseem Khan, Zhuang Shao & Qingmin Zhang
Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Shu Luo
School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Shuxian Du, Xiaofei Gu, Demin Li, Haidong Liu, Shuxiang Lu, En Wang, Jie Yang & Shujun Zhao
Institute of Physics National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Yi-Wen Chen, Li-Cheng Feng, Kuo-Lun Jen, Patrick Kinz, Jason Leung & Guey-Lin Lin
National United University, Miao-Li, Taiwan
Yun Chang & Chung-Hsiang Wang
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Simon Blyth, Clément Bordereau, Po-An Chen, Yee Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu & Hsiao-Ru Pan
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
Tadeas Dohnal, Martin Dvorak, Rupert Leitner, Ondrej Sramek, Tomas Tmej & Vit Vorobel
University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, Jyvaskyla, Finland
Timo Enqvist, Jari Joutsenvaara, Pasi Kuusiniemi, Maciej Slupecki & Wladyslaw Trzaska
IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay, France
Didier Auguste, Sylvie Blin, Dominique Breton, Anatael Cabrera, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Christophe De La Taille, Yang Han, Jihane Maalmi, Gisele Martin-Chassard, Diana Navas-Nicolas & Cristina Volpe
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France
Clément Bordereau, Cédric Cerna, Gérard Claverie, Frédéric Druillole, Amélie Fournier, Patrick Hellmuth, Cédric Huss, Cécile Jollet, Sébastien Leblanc, Anselmo Meregaglia, Frédéric Perrot, Abdel Rebii & Mathieu Roche
IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037, Strasbourg, France
Thomas Adam, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Eric Baussan, Marcos Dracos, Qinhua Huang, Leonidas Kalousis, Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico, Pascal Poussot, Jacky Schuler, Cédric Schwab, Michal Szelezniak, Andrea Triossi & Jacques Wurtz
Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Marseille, France
Jose Busto & Damien Dornic
SUBATECH, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
Mathieu Bongrand, Victor Lebrin, Frederic Lefevre, Mariangela Settimo, Thiago Sogo-Bezerra, Guillaume Vanroyen, Benoit Viaud & Frédéric Yermia
III. Physikalisches Institut B, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Thilo Birkenfeld, Feng Gao, Alexandre Göttel, Philipp Kampmann, Runxuan Liu, Livia Ludhova, Michaela Schever, Achim Stahl, Jochen Steinmann, Christopher Wiebusch, Christian Wysotzki & Yu Xu
Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Caren Hagner, David Meyhöfer, Henning Rebber & Bjoern Wonsak
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Nuclear Physics Institute IKP-2, Jülich, Germany
Alexandre Göttel, Christoph Genster, Yuhang Guo, Philipp Kampmann, Runxuan Liu, Livia Ludhova, Michaela Schever, Giulio Settanta & Yu Xu
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems(ZEA-2), Jülich, Germany
Christian Grewing, Michael Karagounis, Andre Kruth, Daniel Liebau, Pavithra Muralidharan, Nina Parkalian, Markus Robens, Christian Roth, Stefan van Waasen, Johannes van den Boom, Ugur Yegin & Andre Zambanini
Institute of Physics, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Wilfried Depnering, Heike Enzmann, Paul Hackspacher, Kai Loo, Oliver Pilarczyk & Michael Wurm
Technische Universität München, München, Germany
Lothar Oberauer, Julia Sawatzki, Konstantin Schweizer, Hans Steiger & Matthias Raphael Stock
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Physikalisches Institut, Tübingen, Germany
David Blum, Tobias Heinz, Tobias Lachenmaier, Axel Müller, Tobias Sterr & Alexander Tietzsch
INFN Catania and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
Sebastiano Aiello, Giuseppe Andronico, Riccardo Bruno, Mario Buscemi, Rossella Caruso, Salvatore Costa, Marco Fargetta, Nunzio Giudice, Nunzio Guardone, Antonio Insolia, Claudio Lombardo, Salvatore Monforte, Cristina Tuve & Giuseppe Verde
INFN Catania and Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e Struttura della Materia, Catania, Italy
Claudio Lombardo
Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara and INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Wander Baldini, Fabio Mantovani, Michele Montuschi, Barbara Ricci, Andrea Serafini & Virginia Strati
INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica dell Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
Vito Antonelli, Augusto Brigatti, Xuefeng Ding, Richard Ford, Andrey Formozov, Marco Giammarchi, Cecilia Landini, Paolo Lombardi, Emanuela Meroni, Lino Miramonti, Sergio Parmeggiano, Gioacchino Ranucci, Alessandra Re & Paolo Saggese
INFN Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
Andrea Barresi, Davide Chiesa, Massimiliano Nastasi, Ezio Previtali & Monica Sisti
INFN Milano Bicocca and Politecnico of Milano, Milano, Italy
Antonio Cammi
INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
Marco Bellato, Antonio Bergnoli, Daniele Corti, Flavio Dal Corso, Stefano Dusini, Roberto Isocrate, Ivano Lippi, Mauro Mezzetto & Luca Stanco
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Universita’ di Padova and INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
Riccardo Brugnera, Alberto Garfagnini, Agnese Giaz, Marco Grassi, Beatrice Jelmini, Francesco Manzali, Filippo Marini, Fatma Sawy & Chiara Sirignano
INFN Sezione di Perugia and Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie dell’Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Catia Clementi, Fausto Ortica, Nicomede Pelliccia & Aldo Romani
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, Roma, Italy
Agnese Martini, Alessandro Paoloni & Lucia Votano
University of Roma Tre and INFN Sezione Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
Enrico Bernieri, Antonio Budano, Andrea Fabbri, Stefano M. Mari, Cristina Martellini, Paolo Montini, Domizia Orestano, Fabrizio Petrucci, Giuseppe Salamanna & Simone Sanfilippo
Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, Riga, Latvia
Ints Mednieks & Vadim Vedin
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Shakeel Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, Muhammad Akram, Maria Gul, Muhammad Hassan, Safeer Hussain, Sadia Marium, Waqas Muhammad, Muhammad Rajput, Zafar Yasin & Noman Zafar
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Nikolay Anfimov, Tatiana Antoshkina, Anastasia Bolshakova, Ilya Butorov, Artem Chukanov, Anna Chuvashova, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Anna Fatkina, Dmitry Fedoseev, Maxim Gonchar, Oleg Gorchakov, Yuri Gornushkin, Vasily Gromov, Denis Korablev, Alexey Krasnoperov, Zinovy Krumshteyn, Nikolay Kutovskiy, Yury Malyshkin, Nikolay Morozov, Dmitry V. Naumov, Elena Naumova, Igor Nemchenok, Alexander Olshevskiy, Taras Rezinko, Arseniy Rybnikov, Andrey Sadovsky, Dmitry Selivanov, Alexandr Selyunin, Vladislav Sharov, Vitaly Shutov, Oleg Smirnov, Albert Sotnikov & Konstantin Treskov
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Evgeny Doroshkevich, Svetlana Krokhaleva, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim Lubsandorzhiev, Vladimir Lyashuk, Andrey Sidorenkov & Igor Tkachev
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Georgy Donchenko, Konstantin Kouzakov, Alexey Lokhov, Artyom Popov, Konstantin Stankevich, Alexander Studenikin & Maxim Vialkov
Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
Olivia Dalager, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux & Bedřich Roskovec
Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
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Consortia
The JUNO collaboration
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Liangjian Wen.
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ArXiv ePrint: 2011.06405
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The JUNO collaboration., Abusleme, A., Adam, T. et al. Calibration strategy of the JUNO experiment. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2021)004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2021)004
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